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Earth Science
 Planet earth is the only known planet which bears life. Scientists are finding the evidences of life on other planets also and they get minor success also but still earth is the planet where are those necessary substances are available which is necessary for life. Earth science is the science which is related to the study of all physical, chemical, biological, chronological and mathematical aspects related to earth and space. For the better understanding of earth and space all these factors are used for the study of earth science. This science is also well known as geosciences. There are four major disciplines in earth sciences, namely geography, geology, geophysics and geodesy.
Earth science generally recognizes four spheres, the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere; these correspond to rocks, water, air, and life. Geosciences includes categories such as geology which describes the rocky part of the earth and all mineral and non mineral substances, geophysics is related to earth’s reaction to forces and its magnetic and gravity fields, Soil science covers the outer most layer of the earth crust, Oceanography includes hydrosphere which describe the marine and freshwater domains of the watery parts of the Earth, Glaciology covers the icy parts of the Earth, gaseous parts of the earth between the surface and exosphere comes under atmospheric science and last and the very important part which includes living and nonliving substances and every form of life from single celled to multi celled organisms comes under biosphere. This sphere has interaction with the other entire sphere and creates the condition which supports the life.
Features of the Earth can be explained by the actions of gradual processes operating over long periods of time; for example, a mountain need not be thought of as having been created in a moment, but instead it may be seen as the result of continuous subduction, causing magma to rise and form continental volcanic arcs. Like all other scientists, Earth scientists apply the scientific method. They formulate hypotheses after observing events and gathering data about natural phenomena, and then they test hypotheses from such data.
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